The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of racially offensive comments and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when word emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in under-served communities and help them thrive on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022